Obsah

Základy C++

Třídy

class user {
  private:
    int age;
    string name;
    ..
  public:
    void setAge(int new);
}
class MyClass {
 
  private:
    const int number;        // deklarace privatni konstantni promenne
    MyClass():number(10) {}  // konstruktor s definici promenne
 
}
class MyClass {
 
  private:
    static const int number;        // deklarace
}
 
const int MyClass::number = 10;     // definice

dědičnost

class Animal {
  public:
    void eat() { std::cout << "I'm eating generic food."; }
}
 
class Cat : public Animal {
  public:
    void eat() { std::cout << "I'm eating a rat."; }
}
 
//this can go at the top of the main.cpp file
void func(Animal *xyz) { xyz->eat(); }
 
Animal *animal = new Animal;
Cat *cat = new Cat;
 
animal->eat(); // outputs: "I'm eating generic food."
cat->eat();    // outputs: "I'm eating a rat."
 
func(animal) // outputs: "I'm eating generic food."
func(cat)    // outputs: "I'm eating generic food."
class Animal {
  public:
    virtual void eat() { std::cout << "I'm eating generic food."; }
}
class Animal {
  public:
    virtual void eat() =0;
}

polymorfismus

http://www.cplusplus.com/doc/tutorial/polymorphism/

mám obecnou třídu a pak specifické podtřídy. V konstruktoru se inicializuje pro každou specifickou třídu něco jiného. Obecná třída má metodu run. Chci udělat frontu (vector) obecné třídy a při zpracování pak volat metodu run, která zachová podle hodnot nastavených v konstruktoru. Problém: jak to do té fronty dostat?

Když mám objekt obecné třídy, nelze jej přetypovat na různé podtřídy.

http://stackoverflow.com/questions/5313322/c-cast-to-derived-class

class Animal { /* Some virtual members */ }
class Dog: public Animal {};
class Cat: public Animal {};
 
 
Dog     dog;
Cat     cat;
Animal& AnimalRef1 = dog;  // Notice no cast required. (Dogs and cats are animals).
Animal& AnimalRef2 = cat;
Animal* AnimalPtr1 = &dog;
Animal* AnimlaPtr2 = &cat;
 
Cat&    catRef1 = dynamic_cast<Cat&>(AnimalRef1);  // Throws an exception  AnimalRef1 is a dog
Cat*    catPtr1 = dynamic_cast<Cat*>(AnimalPtr1);  // Returns NULL         AnimalPtr1 is a dog
Cat&    catRef2 = dynamic_cast<Cat&>(AnimalRed2);  // Works
Cat*    catPtr2 = dynamic_cast<Cat*>(AnimalPtr2);  // Works
 
// This on the other hand makes no sense
// An animal object is not a cat. Therefore it can not be treated like a Cat.
Animal  a;
Cat&    catRef1 = dynamic_cast<Cat&>(a);    // Throws an exception  Its not a CAT
Cat*    catPtr1 = dynamic_cast<Cat*>(&a);   // Returns NULL         Its not a CAT.
Animal   animal = cat;    // This works. But it slices the cat part out and just
                          // assigns the animal part of the object.
Cat      bigCat = animal; // Makes no sense.
                          // An animal is not a cat!!!!!
Dog      bigDog = bigCat; // A cat is not a dog !!!!
std::vector<Animal*>  barnYard;
barnYard.push_back(&dog);
barnYard.push_back(&cat);
barnYard.push_back(&duck);
barnYard.push_back(&chicken);
 
Dog*  dog = dynamic_cast<Dog*>(barnYard[1]); // Note: return NULL as this was the cat.

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